The A/C comes on to dry the air so you don't 'fog' the inside while you're trying to 'defrost' the outside. But the A/C can only bring the air temperature down to just above freezing (else the evaporator could freeze up), so if it's already that cold out, which is usually the case when defrosting is needed, it won't run.
With an automatic system like we have, you really shouldn't have to adjust the temperature setting to defrost (or warm up the inside of the car) faster. It's not the setting for the temperature of the air coming out of the ducts, it's the setting for the cabin temperature when the system will turn itself 'off' (or to low), much like the thermostat in your house. The system should run at 'full power' (as hot as the outlet ducts can be) until it hits your interior cabin temperature set point. The temperature inside the car should therefore rise at the same rate in either case, and just stop rising sooner if you've got the temperature setting lower. I'd hope your windshield is clear long before your interior hits 90F or 70F, so that setting shouldn't affect defrost time. I guess if you're hitting your target interior temperature and the window is still frosted, the higher temperature setting would help.
If you're finding that the defrost time (or cabin warm-up time) is affected by the temperature setpoint of the automatic system, then GM did a pretty lousy job of calibrating their system... which is quite possible.