Hello all. I encountered this issue with my 2018 Buick Encore just yesterday where I could not charge my phone with both USB ports nor did it connect to
Android Auto. I tried a different phone and 2 cables and nothing worked.
After looking through this thread and doing a little more digging online, I found that Chevy Volts also encountered similar issues and people solved it by reseating the "Infotainment" fuse.
I tried it on my car (Fuse #29 for 2018 Buick Encore), just pulling it out and putting it back in and it worked! Both USB ports charge and detect my phone now. Hopefully this is a permanent fix and works for you guys too!
(Some people in the Volt forum think the reset of the fuse "reboots the infotainment system and allows the USB communications to refresh anew")